Diabetic Numbness, often referred to as diabetic neuropathy

 Diabetic Numbness, often referred to as diabetic neuropathy, is a common complication of diabetes that results from prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging the nerves. It typically affects the peripheral nerves (those outside the brain and spinal cord), especially in the hands and feet.

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Symptoms of Diabetic Numbness

1. Initial Signs:

   • Tingling or "pins and needles" sensation.
   • Gradual loss of sensation, especially in the extremities (feet, toes, hands, or fingers).

2. Advanced Symptoms:

   • Complete numbness or inability to feel pain, temperature, or touch.
   • Muscle weakness or difficulty coordinating movement.
   • Burning or sharp pain, which may worsen at night.

3. Additional Complications:

   • Frequent injuries (e.g., cuts or burns) that go unnoticed due to loss of sensation.
   • Balance issues and falls due to decreased foot sensitivity.
   • Skin infections or ulcers, especially on the feet.

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Causes of Diabetic Numbness

1. Prolonged Hyperglycemia:

   • High blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels that supply nerves, leading to nerve injury.

2. Inflammation:

   • Chronic inflammation from diabetes can contribute to nerve degeneration.

3. Oxidative Stress:

   • High glucose levels generate free radicals, which damage nerve tissues.

4. Other Factors:

   • Obesity, smoking, high cholesterol, and hypertension can exacerbate nerve damage.

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Remedial Measures

Lifestyle Changes

1. Blood Sugar Control:

   • Maintain blood sugar levels within the target range to slow down or prevent nerve damage.
   • Regularly monitor blood glucose.

2. Balanced Diet:

   • Include foods rich in antioxidants (e.g., berries, leafy greens) and healthy fats (e.g., nuts, fish).
   • Avoid processed sugars and high-carb foods.

3. Regular Exercise:

   • Engage in low-impact exercises like walking or swimming to improve blood circulation and nerve health.
   • Stretching exercises can help reduce stiffness and improve flexibility.

Medical Interventions

1. Medications:

   • Pain management with medications such as gabapentin or pregabalin.
   • Topical treatments like capsaicin cream for localized pain relief.
   • Antidepressants like amitriptyline, sometimes used for neuropathic pain.

2. Vitamin Supplements:

   • Vitamin B12 and alpha-lipoic acid supplements may help in nerve regeneration.

3. Foot Care:

   • Inspect feet daily for cuts, blisters, or ulcers.
   • Use proper footwear to avoid injuries and pressure sores.

4. Physical Therapy:

   • Therapists can design exercises to improve balance and mobility.

Advanced Treatments

1. Nerve Stimulation Therapy:

   • Techniques like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may reduce pain and promote healing.

2. Surgical Interventions:

   • Rarely required but might be necessary for severe complications like gangrene.

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Preventive Strategies

1. Routine Check-ups:

   • Regular visits to a doctor or podiatrist for nerve function tests.

2. Stop Smoking:

   • Smoking worsens circulation and should be avoided.

3. Weight Management:

   • Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on nerves.

4. Avoid Alcohol:

   • Excessive alcohol use can accelerate nerve damage.

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When to Seek Medical Attention

• If you experience numbness that worsens rapidly.
• If you notice ulcers, skin infections, or other abnormalities on the feet.
• If balance or coordination issues become severe.

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Early detection and proactive management of diabetic numbness can significantly reduce complications and improve quality of life. Consult with a healthcare professional to tailor a treatment plan specific to your condition.

Numbness in Hand

Experiencing numbness in hand can be unpleasant and even limit your ability to use the hand correctly. Several factors might cause numbness in the hand, including, but not limited to, brain disorders, spinal issues, nerve diseases, and drug side effects. Depending on the underlying reason, it can worsen over time and may be accompanied by additional symptoms, such as pain or weakness in the hand. Hand numbness is usually treatable - the sooner the diagnosis, the better the treatment outcomes will be.

We will further discuss hand numbness symptoms, hand numbness causes, diagnostic and treatment options for this condition, and when to consult a doctor.

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Causes of Numbness in Hand

Hand numbness reasons vary depending on several factors. It is usually caused by nerve compression in one or both hands. It is the most prevalent cause of hand numbness. It may frequently feel like prickling pins and needles, tingling, or a dull burning sensation in the hand. Some causes of hand numbness include: 

Stroke: Most of the time, numbness in the hands does not indicate an emergency. However, in some cases, it can be indicative of a stroke. A person experiences a stroke when there is a reduction of blood flow in the brain. Hand going numb may accompany other symptoms or can be the sole indication of a stroke. Early diagnosis can reduce the chance of permanent brain damage.

Carpal Tunnel: Carpal tunnel is a little opening through the middle of the wrist, which is also known as the median nerve. This median nerve sends out a sense of feeling to your index, thumb, middle, and partial ring fingers, which may cause hand finger numbness.

Typing and working on an assembly line are examples of repetitive tasks that can cause the tissues around the median nerve to expand and compress the nerve. Pressure in the hand might also cause numbness in hand in addition to tingling, discomfort, and weakness.

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency: A severe B12 deficiency might also cause numbness in the hands. Hence, it is important to ensure you are taking the proper amount of vitamins and minerals to maintain the health of your nerves. In addition, a lack of magnesium and potassium is also said to contribute to numbness.

Medications: Medicines used to treat cancer might cause nerve damage, or neuropathy. This might cause numbness to the left arm or the right arm, and sometimes both. Right hand numbness symptoms include - tennis elbow, tunnel syndrome, etc.

Slipped Cervical Disc: The cushiony spaces between your spine's bones, or vertebrae, are called discs. A disc movement could be the result of an alteration in your spinal column's structure. This is referred to as a slipped or herniated disc. Your spine's nerves may be compressed and irritated by deterioration of the bones, swelling surrounding the nerve, or a broken disc, which might cause numbness in both hands. 

Raynaud’s Disease: Raynaud's phenomenon, or commonly known as vascular disease, causes narrowing of blood arteries. Due to the condition, the hands and feet receive less blood, which causes numbness. This might make the left hand and finger numb, in addition to making the toes pallid, chilly, and painful due to the decreased blood supply. 

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: The ulnar nerve travels down to the small finger of your hand from your neck. The inner part of your elbow may experience compression or overstretching of the nerve. This may occur as a result of swelling from repeated movements or as a result of extended positions putting pressure on your elbow. This condition is known as cubital tunnel syndrome. This makes the left hand and finger numb.

Cervical Spondylosis: Cervical spondylosis is a type of arthritis that affects the neck disc, which is caused by years of wear and tear on your spinal bones. The hands, arms, and fingers may become numb due to the injured spine pressing on neighbouring nerves. The majority of individuals with cervical spondylosis are symptomless. Others might experience neck pain and stiffness.

Lupus: Lupus is an autoimmune condition. It indicates that your body is attacking its own tissues and organs. It affects several organs and tissues, including the lungs, joints, heart, and kidneys. Lupus symptoms fluctuate and do not stay for a long period of time. This is one of the most common causes of numbness in the left hand, in addition to the right arm and hand. 

Thyroid Disorder: The thyroid gland in the neck generates hormones that assist in controlling your body's metabolism. When your thyroid does not produce enough hormones, the condition is known as hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid. This can cause peripheral neuropathy if it’s not treated on time. As a result, your hands and feet may become numb, weak, and tingly.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Myofascial pain syndrome can cause pain in extremely sensitive muscles. Sometimes, the discomfort radiates to other bodily areas. Myofascial pain syndrome also causes tingling, weakness, and stiffness, in addition to discomfort in the muscles.

Numbness in Hand Symptoms

Numbness in hand might be present in one hand, both hands, and/or the entire arm. It is usually not stable, and might come and go. A numb hand may feel like: 

Absence of feeling 

Burning and pain 

Feeling of heat or cold 

Hand coordination issues 

Excessive sensitivity to touch 

Tingling as if your hand were dozing off 

Diagnosis

Physical indications, such as decreased sensation, altered reflexes, and weakness are evaluated in order to diagnose hand numbness. Along with going through the medical history and symptoms, the healthcare professionals will perform a comprehensive physical examination. Through a physical assessment, they may be able to identify whether the numbness is brought on by an acute issue (such as arm injuries) or a chronic disease (such as neuropathy), and whether it is caused by a problem affecting your spinal cord, brain, or nerves.

Some diagnostic tests may also be suggested to determine the underlying cause. Some standard diagnostic tests done for numbness in hand include:

MRI

X-Ray

Ultrasound

Blood Tests

Lumbar Puncture

Electromyography

Treatment of Numbness in Hand

Medications: Medication can be used to relieve numbness in both hands in most cases, at least partially. It is important to see a doctor before taking any medications, as not all of them will be effective for treating all diseases. Medications used to treat numbness include: 

Antidepressant

Pain reliever

Anticoagulant

Muscle relaxer

Physical Activity: Physical therapy may be beneficial in case of some conditions causing numbness in both hands or just one. It is important to avoid vigorous movements, such as using the incorrect form, which can lead to tennis elbow, as well as maintaining extended positions that may put pressure or cause swelling.

Diet: Conditions that cause numbness in right hand or left hand may be treated with dietary adjustments. This could be taking vitamins or ensuring you continue eating a nutritious, well-balanced diet. Some lifestyle adjustments, such as avoiding alcohol and smoking, can also help improve the condition. 

Surgery: Though it is rarely the first course of treatment, surgery may be necessary in certain cases. The surgery depends on the underlying condition. For example, the doctors might recommend cervical spine surgery in some cases if they suspect spine issues to be the underlying cause of numbness in hands and fingers.

Other Treatments: There are numerous alternative therapies for hand numbness. Depending on the illness, you may receive additional therapies like:

Botox injection

Massage therapy

Ultrasound therapy

Cognitive behavioural therapy

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical attention if the numbness does not go away on its own in a few hours or if it extends to other areas of your body. If an injury or sickness has caused the numbness, you should consult a physician. If left untreated, an acute numbness might develop into something chronic or untreatable. 

Conclusion

Numbness in hands can be a result of several factors, such as stroke, carpal tunnel’s syndrome, etc. It may also happen if a person types or writes for several hours at a stretch. Symptoms in other parts of your body, such as your arms or legs, might also accompany hand numbness. Make sure that if you experience hand numbness, you get medical assistance right away. The doctors can help diagnose the underlying cause of hand numbness and prevent any complications. 

FAQs

1. Is there a cure for numbness in the hand?

Ans. Chronic numbness requires extensive care and medication, and even surgery when it has advanced. 

2. What Can I do at home to treat numbness in hand?

Ans. Numbness can be treated at home using cold compress, pain relievers, etc, but if it does not go away, you must see a doctor immediately. 

3. When should I be worried about numbness?

Ans. When the numbness in hand gets too frequent, and does not go away on its own, that can be a cause of concern.

4. Is numbness a serious problem?

Ans. In most cases, numbness is not serious but might lead to severe complications. If you experience numbness without any cause, see a doctor.

Improving Blood Hemoglobin (Hb) levels

 Improving blood hemoglobin (Hb) levels typically involves increasing your intake of iron-rich foods, as iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. In India, there are several vegetables and foods that are good sources of iron and can help improve your blood hemoglobin levels. Here are some of the best Indian vegetables for this purpose:

Spinach (Palak): Spinach is a rich source of iron and is commonly used in Indian cuisine. You can use it in various dishes, such as saag or palak paneer.

Beetroot (Chukandar): Beetroot is not only rich in iron but also in folate, which is important for red blood cell formation. It can be consumed as a salad or used in juices.

Fenugreek (Methi): Fenugreek leaves and seeds are good sources of iron. You can use methi leaves in Indian curries or make methi parathas.

Amaranth (Amaranthus or Rajgira): Amaranth greens are high in iron and can be used in various dishes, including stir-fries and soups.

Drumstick (Moringa): Drumstick leaves and pods are rich in iron and are often used in South Indian cuisine. They can be added to sambar or curry.

Mustard Greens (Sarson or Kadugu Keerai): Mustard greens are a good source of iron and are used in dishes like sarson da saag.

Curry Leaves (Kadi Patta): Curry leaves contain iron and are commonly used for flavoring South Indian dishes.

Broccoli: Although not traditionally Indian, broccoli is widely available and is a good source of iron. It can be added to stir-fries or curries.

Radish (Mooli): Radish is another vegetable that contains iron. You can consume it in salads or cook it in various Indian dishes.

Pumpkin (Kaddu): Pumpkin is a source of both iron and vitamin A, which is important for healthy red blood cells. It can be used in curries or soups.

To enhance iron absorption from these vegetables, consider including vitamin C-rich foods in your diet, as vitamin C aids in the absorption of non-heme iron (the type of iron found in plant-based foods). You can also pair these vegetables with iron-fortified foods or sources of heme iron, such as lean meats, to further boost your iron intake.

Additionally, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or a registered dietitian, to develop a diet plan that addresses your specific nutritional needs and any underlying health conditions.

Garlic, ginger, and lemon

Garlic, ginger, and lemon are widely used in various culinary and medicinal applications for their distinct flavors and potential health benefits. Here are some of their common uses:

Garlic:

Culinary Use: Garlic is a versatile ingredient used in cooking around the world. It adds a rich, pungent flavor to a wide range of dishes, including sauces, soups, stews, stir-fries, and marinades.

Medicinal Use: Garlic has been used for its potential health benefits, including its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. It may help boost the immune system and promote heart health. Some people take garlic supplements for these potential benefits.

Ginger:

Culinary Use: Ginger is commonly used in various cuisines to add a spicy and aromatic flavor. It can be used fresh, dried, or powdered in dishes such as curries, stir-fries, and baked goods.

Medicinal Use: Ginger is known for its potential medicinal properties, including anti-nausea effects and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often used to alleviate nausea and vomiting, especially during pregnancy and motion sickness. Ginger tea is a popular remedy for digestive issues.

Lemon:

Culinary Use: Lemons are a popular citrus fruit used for their juice and zest in cooking. Lemon juice is used in salad dressings, marinades, desserts, and as a flavor enhancer in various dishes. Lemon zest adds a citrusy aroma and taste to baked goods and dishes.

Medicinal Use: Lemons are a good source of vitamin C, which is essential for a healthy immune system. Lemon water is a popular drink that people consume to hydrate, boost vitamin C intake, and promote detoxification.

Other Uses:

Lemon, garlic, and ginger are often combined in various culinary applications to create flavorful and aromatic dishes.

Lemon juice is used as a natural preservative for fruits and vegetables to prevent browning.

A mixture of lemon juice, honey, and warm water is a common home remedy for sore throat and cough.

Garlic and ginger are sometimes used together in traditional medicines to treat colds and respiratory ailments.

Lemon juice is used in cleaning solutions due to its natural antibacterial properties and pleasant scent.

Keep in mind that while these ingredients have potential health benefits, they are not substitutes for professional medical advice or treatment. If you have specific health concerns or conditions, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before using these ingredients for medicinal purposes. Additionally, individual preferences and dietary restrictions can influence how these ingredients are used in cooking.

Diabetes: మధుమేహాన్ని ఈ ఆహారంతో అదుపులో ఉంచండి.

 Diabetes: మధుమేహాన్ని ఈ ఆహారంతో అదుపులో ఉంచండి.

ABN , First Publish Date - 2023-01-17T18:39:16+05:30 IST

మధుమేహం గుండె జబ్బులు, మూత్రపిండాల వైఫల్యం, అంధత్వం వంటి తీవ్రమైన ఆరోగ్య సమస్యలకు దారి తీస్తుంది.

Diabetes: మధుమేహాన్ని ఈ ఆహారంతో అదుపులో ఉంచండి.

nutritious diet

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మధుమేహం అనేది ప్రపంచవ్యాప్తంగా మిలియన్ల మంది ప్రజలను ప్రభావితం చేసే దీర్ఘకాలిక సమస్య. శరీరం గ్లూకోజ్‌ను సరిగ్గా ఉపయోగించలేనప్పుడు, నిల్వ చేయలేనప్పుడు ఈ సమస్య మొదలవుతుంది, అధిక రక్తంలో చక్కెర స్థాయిలకు దారితీస్తుంది. ఈ మధుమేహం గుండె జబ్బులు, మూత్రపిండాల వైఫల్యం, అంధత్వం వంటి తీవ్రమైన ఆరోగ్య సమస్యలకు దారి తీస్తుంది. అయితే డయాబెటిస్ ప్రమాదాన్ని తగ్గించడంలో సహాయపడే కొన్ని ఆహారాలు గురించి తెలుసుకుందాం.

మధుమేహం నివారణ ఆకు కూరలు ప్రధానమైనవి. బచ్చలికూర, కాలే, కొల్లార్డ్ గ్రీన్స్ వంటి ఆకు కూరలు తక్కువ కార్బోహైడ్రేట్లను కలిగి ఉంటాయి. ఇందులో ఫైబర్ అధికంగా ఉంటాయి, ఇది రక్తంలో చక్కెర స్థాయిలను స్థిరంగా ఉంచడంలో సహాయపడుతుంది. అవి యాంటీఆక్సిడెంట్లు, యాంటీ ఇన్ఫ్లమేటరీ సమ్మేళనాలను కూడా కలిగి ఉంటాయి, ఇవి దీర్ఘకాలిక వ్యాధుల ప్రమాదాన్ని తగ్గించడంలో సహాయపడతాయి.

డయాబెటిస్ తగ్గించడంలో సహాయపడే మరొక ఆహారం గింజలు, విత్తనాలు. ఈ ఆహారాలలో ఆరోగ్యకరమైన కొవ్వులు, ప్రోటీన్లు, ఫైబర్ అధికంగా ఉంటాయి, ఇవి రక్తంలో చక్కెర స్థాయిలను స్థిరంగా ఉంచడంలో, ఊబకాయం ప్రమాదాన్ని తగ్గించడంలో సహాయపడతాయి. అవి మెగ్నీషియం మంచి వనరులు, ఇది ఆరోగ్యకరమైన రక్తంలో చక్కెర స్థాయిలను అదపులో ఉంచుతాయి. బాదం, వాల్‌నట్‌లు, చియా విత్తనాలు కొన్ని మంచి ఎంపికలు.

డయాబెటిస్ నివారణలో బెర్రీలు గ్రేట్ గా సహాయపడుతాయి. బ్లూబెర్రీస్, రాస్ప్బెర్రీస్ , బ్లాక్బెర్రీస్ వంటి బెర్రీలలో యాంటీఆక్సిడెంట్లు, ఫైబర్ అధికంగా ఉంటాయి, ఇవి వాపును తగ్గించడంలో, ఇన్సులిన్ సెన్సిటివిటీని మెరుగుపరచడంలో సహాయపడతాయి. అవి కేలరీలు, కార్బోహైడ్రేట్లలో కూడా తక్కువగా ఉంటాయి.

మధుమేహం నివారణలో చేపలు కూడా గొప్ప ఆహారం. సాల్మన్, ట్యూనా, సార్డినెస్ వంటి చేపలలో ఒమేగా-3 ఫ్యాటీ యాసిడ్‌లు ఎక్కువగా ఉంటాయి, ఇవి ఇన్‌ఫ్లమేషన్‌ను తగ్గించడంలో, ఇన్సులిన్ సెన్సిటివిటీని మెరుగుపరచడంలో సహాయపడతాయి. అవి ప్రోటీన్, రక్తంలో చక్కెర స్థాయిలను స్థిరంగా ఉంచడంలో సహాయపడుతుంది.

చివరగా, తృణధాన్యాలు ఆహారంలో ముఖ్యమైన భాగంగా ఉండాలి. క్వినోవా, బ్రౌన్ రైస్ , ఓట్స్ వంటి తృణధాన్యాలు ఫైబర్ , పోషకాలలో అధికంగా ఉంటాయి, ఇవి రక్తంలో చక్కెర స్థాయిలను స్థిరంగా ఉంచడంలో, ఊబకాయం ప్రమాదాన్ని తగ్గించడంలో సహాయపడతాయి.

 Jan 12 2022 @ 16:24PM

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అమరావతి: కృష్ణపట్నం ఆనందయ్యపై ఆయుష్‌ శాఖ సీరియస్‌ అయింది. ఒమైక్రాన్‌ పేరుతో మందు పంపిణీపై ఆనందయ్యకు ఆయుష్‌ శాఖ నోటీసులిచ్చింది. మందుకు సంబంధించిన పూర్తి సమాచారం ఇవ్వాలని అధికారులు ఆదేశించారు. ఆనందయ్య పంపిణీ చేస్తోన్న ఒమైక్రాన్‌ మందుకు అనుమతి లేదని ఆయుష్‌ కమిషనర్‌ రాములు తెలిపారు. అనుమతి లేకుండా పంపిణీ ఎలా చేస్తారంటూ నోటీసులు ఇచ్చామని చెప్పారు. ఒమైక్రాన్‌ మందులో ఏమేం పదార్థాలు వాడుతున్నారో, చెప్పాలని ఆనందయ్యకు నోటీసుల్లో స్పష్టం చేశామన్నారు. ఆనందయ్య సమాధానం బట్టి తదుపరి చర్యలు ఉంటాయని తెలిపారు. లైసెన్స్‌ కోసం యూజర్ ఐడీ, పాస్‌ వర్డ్‌ తీసుకున్నారని, కానీ ఇప్పటి వరకు దరఖాస్తు పెట్టలేదన్నారు. ఆనందయ్య అప్లికేషన్‌ పెడితేనే లైసెన్స్‌ లభిస్తుందని పేర్కొన్నారు. కరోనా, ఒమైక్రాన్‌ పేరుతో అనుమతి లేని మందులను వాడొద్దని రాములు సూచించారు.

‘‘కృష్ణపట్నం కరోనా మందు..’’ కొవిడ్‌ రోగుల పాలిట దివ్వఔషధం! కరోనా రాని వారికి కూడా వైరస్‌ సోకుకుండా అడ్డుకునే బ్రహ్మాస్త్రం! కరోనా సెకండ్‌వేవ్‌ కుదిపేస్తున్న వేళ ఆనందయ్య మందుపై చర్చ జరిగింది. ఈ మందుపై చాలా మందిలో ఏదో తెలియని ఆశ. రాష్ట్రంలో కరోనా కేసులు రోజురోజుకీ పెరిగిపోతున్నాయి. ఆస్పత్రుల్లో చికిత్స కూడా దుర్లభంగా మారింది. ఆక్సిజన్‌ అందక అనేకమంది ప్రాణాలు గాలిలో కలిసిపోతున్నాయి. ఇదే సమయంలో నెల్లూరు జిల్లాలో ఇస్తున్న ‘కృష్ణపట్నం ఆయుర్వేద మందు’ కరోనాకు బాగా పనిచేస్తోందనే ప్రచారం జరిగింది. దీంతో వేల సంఖ్యలో ఆనందయ్య మందు కోసం జనం తరలివచ్చారు. అయితే శాస్త్రీయంగా రుజువు కాలేదని రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వం పంపిణీని నిలుపుదల చేసింది.

Hormones, enzymes and Chemicals Linked with our Emotion

 Hormones and Chemicals Linked with our Emotion

Monday, October 15, 2018 - 14:31

Emotions are very complex and have different meanings to different people, but essentially, emotions are a conscious experience that are categorized by states of mind, external and internal reactions, and expressions.

There are many different emotions, including affection, anger, angst, anguish, annoyance, anxiety, apathy, arousal, awe, boredom, confidence, contempt, contentment, courage, curiosity, depression, desire, despair, disappointment, disgust, distrust, dread, ecstasy, embarrassment, envy, euphoria, excitement, fear, frustration, gratitude, grief, guilt, happiness, hatred, hope, horror, hostility, hurt, hysteria, indifference, interest, jealousy, joy, loathing, loneliness, love, lust, outrage, panic, passion, pity, pleasure, pride, rage, regret, relief, remorse, sadness, satisfaction, self-confidence, shame, shock, shyness, sorrow, suffering, surprise, terror, trust, wonder, worry, zeal, and zest.

Emotions are not really made out of anything, but how we feel emotions can be described. Emotions come from the arousal of the nervous system. Millions of chemical reactions take place in the brain at any given time. Chemical reactions occur because of synapses. Synapses are parts of the nervous system, and it is through these that neurons are able to transmit messages using neurotransmitters.

Emotions are typically measured in physiological responses, such as a pounding heart, sweating, blood rushing to the face, and the release of adrenaline. Expression is also a major part of emotions. Expression is associated with parts of the nervous system such as the motor cortex, limbic system, and the brain stem. The parts of the nervous system that affect emotion the most are the frontal lobes and the amygdala. The frontal cortex is usually associated with feelings of happiness and pleasure. The amygdala is usually associated with feelings of anger, fear, and sadness.

We experience a variety of emotions throughout the day. Mostly, these emotions are transient in nature. But, when these emotions become intensely negative or are unremitting they can dramatically affect our biochemistry and behaviour. Certain brain areas and the presence of levels of different chemicals in your brain controls emotions. For example, if we are in danger, our brain releases stress hormones that can initiate fight or flight reactions by flooding certain regions with the neurotransmitter epinephrine (adrenaline). When the danger subsides, our brain inhibits the stress response by sending out a calming signal in the form of chemicals.

Hormones and chemicals keep the body working normally. Listed are a few of them and how their balance affect the way our moods, emotions and stresses are triggered.

Oestrogen – Female Reproduction and Positive Mood Hormone

Estradiol

Oestrogen, the primary sex hormone of women is released from Ovaries. Effect of oestrogen on emotions is due to its ability to increase serotonin and endorphins; chemicals associated with positive mood states. There are three major endogenous oestrogensin females that have estrogenic hormonal activity: oestrone, estradiol and estriol. The oestrone steroid is the most potent and prevalent of these.

Oestrogen is also the hormone linked to mood disruptions in women, as seen in premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and postpartum depression.Low oestrogen levels are associated with depression, anxiety and mood swings. However, high oestrogen levels can also wreak havoc with our system. So a right biochemical balance is essential for the well-functioning steroid hormones system.Oestrogen helps in maintaining levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine by decreasing level of monoamine oxidase- the enzyme responsible for their deactivation.

Progesterone – Female Ovulation and Calming Hormone

Progesterone is a female sex hormone produced by a temporary gland within the ovaries called corpus luteum and plays a key role in reproduction. Our brain is highly responsive to progesterone concentrations. Insomnia, anxiety and migraine are commonly seen with imbalance of oestrogen and progesterone.Progesterone counterbalances the action of oestrogen. While oestrogen has an excitatory effect on brain, progesterone has calming effect. Studies have shown that progesterone shows anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects by activating gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that assists in relaxation and sleep.

Dopamine – Motivation and Reward Chemical

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, released by hypothalamus and is involved in focus, attention, memory, drive, muscle control and ovulation. It is associated with alertness, memory, cognition, happiness and vigilance. Low levels of dopamine in the body can result in depression, impulsivity, mood swings, attention deficit, cognitive issues, compulsive behaviour, cravings, apathy and loss of satisfaction in life activities. It inhibits rational thinking as seen in schizophrenia.

Dopamine is important in brain’s reward system and elevations in its level can lead to addictive behaviour, suspicious personality and possible paranoia.

There are no food sources that can provide dopamine directly, but consider taking foods rich in tyrosine and phenylalanine: the amino acids required to manufacture dopamine. Both of these amino acids are seen in protein rich foods like turkey, chicken, milk, cheese and eggs.

Serotonin - Happiness Hormone

It regulates wide range of physiological and biological functions including mood, arousal, aggression, thinking abilities and memory.Right levels of serotonin are related to relaxation, mood upliftment. Excess of serotonin causes sedation and apathy, whereas deficiency of serotonin is associated with low mood, lack of will, poor appetite control, anxiety disorders, depression, social behaviour and sexual problems.

Conditions like anxiety disorders, depression, impulsivity, mood disorders, and disturbance in the sleep-wake cycle, obesity, eating disorders, and chronic pain are associated with disruptions in serotonin level.Meditation enhances serotonin production by inhibiting activity in the stress producing regions of the brain.

Acetylcholine – Information Processor Neurotransmitter

Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter released from nerve endings in both central and peripheral nervous system. It is in charge of muscle movement, alertness, concentration and memory. When levels are optimal, mood is elevated, mind is focused and intelligence increased. But with the low levels learning, recall, ability to think clearly can plummet.

It also controls primitive drives and emotions like anger, fear, rage and aggression. With the imbalance in these neurotransmitters these emotions can affect both the individual and people around them.

Note that there is an inverse relationship between acetylcholine and serotonin (if one increases the quantity of other decreases). In lower amounts, Ach act as a stimulant for brain as it stimulates release of dopamine and serotonin. But too much of Ach inhibits brain and causes depression.

Foods rich in proteins like eggs, fish, dairy, soy products, poultry and foods containing lecithin significantly increase Ach.Supplements that significantly increase Ach concentration are- choline, lecithin, fish oil, flaxseed oil.Certain medications, chemicals, physical activity also increases Ach concentration.

Oxytocin – The Bonding Hormone

Oxytocin is a hormone that is made in hypothalamus and released into the blood by pituitary gland. It plays a role in pro-social behaviour, sexual reproduction, and during and after child birth. It evokes feelings of contentment, calmness, security and reductions in anxiety level.Oxytocin inhibits brain areas associated with behavioural control of fear and anxiety and protect against stress.

Nasally administered oxytocin has been reported to reduce fear, by inhibiting amygdala (brain area responsible for fear responses). It increases trust, empathy, and social interaction and is responsible for romantic attraction and subsequent monogamous pair bonding.

MDMA(3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), an addictive drug commonly called as ‘ecstasy’, increases feeling of love, empathy and connection by stimulating oxytocin activity in the brain.

Deficiency of oxytocin is involved in pathophysiology of depression and is related to poor communication, more anxiety and fear, disturbed sleep, sugar cravings and irritability.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) – Brain Activity Regulator

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is produced from glutamic acid (an amino acid) in the body. It slows down the activity of limbic system (the emotional alarm bell) reducing fear, anxiety and panic.

It acts like a natural tranquilizer and suppresses the hormone prolactin that stimulates night time incontinence.

Glutamic acid and vitamin B6 helps in manufacture of GABA. Zinc also enhances GABA release and inhibits glutamate release- an excitatory neurotransmitter.

Most of the patients with bipolar disorder have lower GABA level and this accounts for their restlessness and anxiety.

Testosterone – Primary Male Hormone

Testosterone, a hormone produced by testes in men and to smaller extent by ovaries in women. It helps in muscle building, increasing libido, bone mass, muscle strength and energy level.

Testosterone also influences the parts of the brain responsible for regulating emotions. People with high endogenous testosterone levels, have significantly less activity in prefrontal brain regions and less communication between the prefrontal brain and the amygdala (the emotion control regions of the brain), ultimately increasing chances of aggressiveness, depression, impulsivity, anger, mood swings and lowering levels of empathy.

Too little testosterone can also have deleterious effect on male emotional vitality, leading to more passivity, depression, anger, irritability, feelings of insecurity, anxiety.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine – The Stress fighter Hormones

Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that acts as a neurotransmitter as well as a hormone. It is involved in arousal system of the brain and the sympathetic nervous system, where it is responsible for increase in blood pressure, breathing and respiratory rate. As a hormone, it is released by adrenal glands and is involved in the fight or flight response of the body to stress.

Epinephrine or adrenalin released by medulla of the adrenal glands, surges at the time of panic and emergency. It provokes stress response and brings out the arousal of extreme emotions like fear, anger or amusement.

Too little norepinephrine and epinephrine have been found to be associated with depression, while an excess has been seen in mood disorders like schizophrenia

Endorphins – Pain reliever

β– Endorphin

Endorphins are neurotransmitters, chemicals that pass along signals from one neuron to the next. Neurotransmitters play a key role in the function of the central nervous system and can either prompt or suppress the further signalling of nearby neurons.The class of endorphins include three compounds – α – endorphin, β – endorphin and γ – endorphin.

Endorphins are produced as a response to certain stimuli, especially stress, fear or pain. They originate in various parts of the body -- the pituitary gland, spinal cord and throughout other parts of brain and nervous system -- and interact mainly with receptors in cells found in regions of the brain responsible for blocking pain and controlling emotion.

Endorphins block pain, but they're also responsible for our feelings of pleasure. It's widely believed that these feelings of pleasure exist to let us know when we've had enough of a good thing and also to encourage us to go after that good thing in order to feel the associated pleasure.Maintaining a balance in these brain chemicals is a key for balanced emotions. One can help maintain emotional health to some extent by altering levels of these key chemicals through a balanced diet, limiting stress, constructive thoughts, yoga,pranayama and meditation.

The four major hormones which determine human’s happiness, viz. Endorphins, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Oxytocin. Let us see what causes increase in the production of these hormones in the body.

When we exercise, the body releases Endorphins. This hormone helps the body cope with the pain of exercising. We then enjoy exercising because these Endorphins will make us happy. Laughter is another good way of generating Endorphins. We need to spend 30 minutes exercising every day, read or watch funny stuff to get our day's dose of Endorphins.

The second hormone Dopamine is released when we accomplish many little and big tasks. When we get appreciated for our work at the office or at home, we feel accomplished and good, that is because it releases Dopamine. This also explains why most housewives are unhappy since they rarely get acknowledged or appreciated for their work. Once, we join work, we buy a car, a house, the latest gadgets, a new house so forth. In each instance, it releases Dopamine and we become happy. This is another reason why we become happy when we shop?

The third hormone Serotonin is released when we act in a way that benefits others. When we transcend ourselves and give back to others or to nature or to the society, it releases Serotonin. Even, providing useful information on the internet like writing information blogs, answering people's questions on Quora or Facebook groups will generate Serotonin. That is because we will use our precious time to help other people via our answers or articles.

The final hormone Oxytocin, is released when we become close to other human beings. When we hug our friends or family Oxytocin is released. Similarly, when we shake hands or put our arms around someone's shoulders, various amounts of Oxytocin is released.

Now, we can understand why we need to hug a child who has a bad mood.So, it is simple, we have to exercise every day to get Endorphins, we have to accomplish little goals and get Dopamine, we need to be nice to others to get Serotonin and finally hug our kids, friends, and families to get Oxytocin and we will be happy. When we are happy, we can deal with our challenges and problems better.

The Chemistry of Emotions

Introduction

Emotions are very complex and have different meanings to different people, but essentially, emotions are a conscious experience that are categorized by states of mind, external and internal reactions, and expressions. I chose emotions for my project because they are huge part of everyday life, and emotions affect the decisions we make, and the people we are. I also think that the human brain is fascinating and that studying what it can do is fun.

Composition of ...

Not only are there chemical components of emotions, but there are others such as physical components as well. I’ll start with the chemical components. There are so many chemicals involved with emotions that only the most important ones can be listed. The following are neurotransmitters: dopamine (C8H11NO2), serotonin (C10H12N2O), noradrenaline (C8H11NO3), acetylcholine (C7NH16O2+), histamine (C5H9N3), GABA (C4H9NO2), and glutamic acid (C5H9NO4). The other components are not chemical components, but are parts of the emotional experience. They are cognitive appraisal, bodily symptoms, action, tendencies, expression, and feelings.

Main Chemicals, Compounds, Components

Dopamine

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element such as another nerve, muscle or gland. Neurotransmitters have a large impact on mood and emotions, and a surplus or lack of neurotransmitters can cause behavioral problems. Neurotransmitter balance has a connection to health, nutrition, environmental factors, external emotional stimulus, and genetic factors. Dopamine (C8H11NO2) is made out of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. It is involved in focus, drive, attention, memory, and thinking clearly. Arvid Carlson discovered dopamine in 1957. It was discovered in Lund, Sweden. Dopamine has a big role in positive emotions, and a lack of dopamine can cause parkinson's disease. Dopamine is also instrumental to the storage and creation of new memories.

Serotonin

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, just like dopamine. It’s purpose is to regulate mood, thinking, and impulse control. Serotonin (C10H12N2O) is made out of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Serotonin affects arousal, anxiety, mood, impulse control, aggression, and thinking abilities. In 1948, Irvine Page, Arda Green andt Maurice Rapport discovered Serotonin in Cleveland, Ohio.

Serotonin regulates emotions. With enough of it, we feel happy, optimistic, etc. However, when there is a lack of serotonin, there can be depression, anxiety, irritability, etc.

Chemistry's Role

Dopamine is a naturally occurring chemical. It is produced by the human body, not by man. (However, dopamine can be produced by man and used in the form injectable drugs such as Intropin, Dopastat, and Revimine to treat certain illnesses affecting the nervous system.) Dopamine isn’t produced in just one area of the brain. It’s produced in several areas. These areas include substantia nigra, the ventral tegmental area, hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus, the zona incerta, and the periventricular nucleus.Within these areas, nerve cell bodies manufacture dopamine. 

Like dopamine, serotonin is produced in the brain, but it can also be produced by man. Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid L-tryptophan by a short metabolic pathway consisting of two enzymes: amino acid decarboxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase. Serotonin can be produced in the lab using Psilocybe coprophila and Aspergillus niger as catalysts. Ethanol, HCL, NaOH, and water are also involved in the process. The first phase to 5-hydroxytryptophan would require allowing tryptophan sit in ethanol and water for seven days, then stirring in enough HCl to bring the pH to three, and then adding NaOH to make a pH of 13 for one hour. Aspergillus niger is the catalyst for this first step. The second step to synthesizing tryptophan itself from the 5-hydroxytryptophan intermediate would require adding ethanol and water, and letting sit for 30 days. The next two steps would be the same as the first phase: adding HCl to make the pH = three, and then adding NaOH to make the pH very basic at 13 for one hour. This phase uses the Psilocybe coprophila as the catalyst.

Background Research

There are many different emotions, including affection, anger, angst, anguish, annoyance, anxiety, apathy, arousal, awe, boredom, confidence, contempt, contentment, courage, curiosity, depression, desire, despair, disappointment, disgust, distrust, dread, ecstasy, embarrassment, envy, euphoria, excitement, fear, frustration, gratitude, grief, guilt, happiness, hatred, hope, horror, hostility, hurt, hysteria, indifference, interest, jealousy, joy, loathing, loneliness, love, lust, outrage, panic, passion, pity, pleasure, pride, rage, regret, relief, remorse, sadness, satisfaction, self-confidence, shame, shock, shyness, sorrow, suffering, surprise, terror, trust, wonder, worry, zeal, and zest.

Emotions are not really made out of anything, but how we feel emotions can be described. Emotions come from the arousal of the nervous system. Neurotransmitters and hormones, such as dopamine and serotonin, are chemicals that are involved in the process of feeling emotions.

. Millions of chemical reactions take place in the brain at any given time. Chemical reactions occur because of synapses. Synapses are parts of the nervous system, and it is through these that neurons are able to transmit messages using neurotransmitters.

Emotions are typically measured in physiological responses, such as a pounding heart, sweating, blood rushing to the face, and the release of adrenaline. Expression is also a major part of emotions. Expression is associated with parts of the nervous system such as the motor cortex, limbic system, and the brain stem. The parts of the nervous system that affect emotion the most are the frontal lobes and the amygdala. The frontal cortex is usually associated with feelings of happiness and pleasure. The amygdala is usually associated with feelings of anger, fear, and sadness.

Erectile Dysfunction

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Make good lifestyle choices

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4. Limit or cut out alcohol.

Health Minister Harshavardhan resigns

 Harsh Vardhan, ‘missing’ from Covid fight, resigns as health minister amid Modi cabinet reshuffle

Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan chaired the GoM on Covid-19, but was missing at critical points, such as when cases in Delhi peaked, with Amit Shah stepping in to take action.

ABANTIKA GHOSH 7 July, 2021 3:42 pm IST

Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan addresses the inaugural session of the Co-WIN Global Conclave, in New Delhi on 5 July 2021. He resigned from his position on 7 July 2021 | PTI

Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan addresses the inaugural session of the Co-WIN Global Conclave, in New Delhi on 5 July 2021. He resigned from his position on 7 July 2021 | PTI

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New Delhi: Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan resigned from the ministry amid a reshuffle in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s cabinet.

This was his second stint at the health ministry, having been moved out suddenly in October 2014 in a reshuffle during Narendra Modi’s first term as prime minister. He returned in 2019, but his stewardship in the last one and half years, through the pandemic, has been repeatedly criticised.

Whether he will stay on as the science and technology minister is not immediately clear. Meanwhile, Ashwini Choubey, the minister of state, could also be dropped.

Harsh Vardhan’s departure is being seen as the first sign of the central government fixing accountability for India’s disastrous second Covid-19 wave. In his capacity as health minister, he had chaired the Group of Ministers (GoM) on Covid-19, but was conspicuously missing in action at critical times.

Around July last year, Harsh Vardhan had also started a weekly online interaction called ‘Sunday Samvad’, along the lines of PM Modi’s monthly ‘Mann ki Baat’. This reportedly did not go down well in the highest echelons of the government, and he was forced to discontinue it.

An MP from Chandi Chowk in Delhi, Dr Harsh Vardhan is an ENT surgeon who was lauded for his role in launching the pulse polio programme in Delhi in 1994. His domain knowledge made him an ideal choice for the health ministry but the general perception since has been that he has played a largely passive role during the pandemic.

కేంద్ర మంత్రి హర్షవర్ధన్ రాజీనామా

 Jul 7 2021

న్యూఢిల్లీ : మంత్రివర్గ పునర్వ్యవస్థీకరణ నేపథ్యంలో కేంద్ర ఆరోగ్య శాఖ మంత్రి డాక్టర్ హర్షవర్ధన్ రాజీనామా చేశారు. మొత్తం మీద ఏడుగురు మంత్రులు తమ పదవులకు రాజీనామా చేశారు. సదానంద గౌడ, దేబశ్రీ చౌదరి, రావ్ సాహెబ్ పాటిల్, సంజయ్ ధోత్రే, సంతోష్ గంగ్వార్,  రమేశ్ పోఖ్రియాల్ నిశాంక్ రాజీనామా చేసినవారిలో ఉన్నారు. 

అన్ని వర్గాలకు సమతూకం పాటిస్తూ మంత్రివర్గాన్ని ఏర్పాటు చేసేందుకు ప్రధాన మంత్రి నరేంద్ర మోదీ ప్రయత్నిస్తున్నట్లు బీజేపీ వర్గాలు చెప్తున్నాయి. కొత్త మంత్రివర్గంలో 13 మంది న్యాయవాదులు, 6గురు వైద్యులు, 5 గురు ఇంజనీర్లు ఉండబోతున్నట్లు తెలుస్తోంది. పీహెచ్‌డీ, ఎంబీఏ వంటి ఉన్నత విద్యావంతులకు మోదీ ప్రాధాన్యమిచ్చినట్లు తెలుస్తోంది. ముగ్గురు ఎస్టీలు, ఇద్దరు ఎస్సీలకు కేబినెట్ హోదా ఇవ్వబోతున్నట్లు సమాచారం. సహాయ మంత్రులు కిరణ్ రిజిజు, అనురాగ్ ఠాకూర్‌లకు పదోన్నతి లభిస్తుందని చెప్తున్నారు. 

ప్రస్తుతం సహాయ మంత్రులుగా ఉన్న ఏడుగురికి పదోన్నతి లభించే అవకాశం ఉందని జాతీయ మీడియా చెప్తోంది. తెలుగు తేజం జి కిషన్ రెడ్డి కూడా ఈ జాబితాలో ఉన్నారని చెప్తున్నారు. ఎన్డీయే కూటమిలోని అప్నాదళ్ (ఎస్) నేత అనుప్రియ పటేల్‌కు మంత్రి పదవి లభించబోతున్నట్లు తెలుస్తోంది. 

కొత్త మంత్రులు బుధవారం సాయంత్రం 6 గంటలకు ప్రమాణ స్వీకారం చేయనున్నట్లు అధికారిక ప్రకటన వెలువడింది.

All blames t the doctors

 పాపాలన్నీ వైద్యుల మీదకే తోసేద్దామా!

వైద్యవిద్యపై ప్రభుత్వాలు ఎప్పుడైతే నిర్లక్ష్యం వహించాయో, అప్పుడే ప్రైవేటు వైద్యవిద్యాసంస్థల నిర్వాహకులు తమ దోపిడీని నిర్లజ్జగా కొనసాగించటం మొదలుపెట్టారు. కోట్లు ఖర్చుపెట్టి చదువు‘కొన్న’ ఓ వైద్యవిద్యార్థి తన ఖర్చును రాబడిగా మార్చుకోకుండా ఎలా ఉండగలడు? నైతికతను కోల్పోయిన ప్రభుత్వ పెద్దలు ఎలా వీరిని కట్టడి చెయ్యగలరు? ప్రైవేటు వైద్యవిద్య పైన, ప్రైవేటు వైద్యరంగం పైన ప్రభుత్వం తన నియంత్రణ వదిలేయడంతో వైద్యవృత్తితో సంబంధంలేని పెట్టుబడిదారులు, రాజకీయనాయకులు చేతులు కలిపి ఆసుపత్రులను నిర్వహించటం మొదలెట్టారు. ఇలాంటి ఆసుపత్రుల నిర్వాహకులకు లాభార్జన, శ్రమ దోపిడీ తప్ప మరేదీ పట్టదు. ఫలితంగా ప్రజలే కాదు, అటువంటి ఆసుపత్రుల్లో పనిచేస్తున్న వైద్యులు, మిగిలిన సిబ్బందితో సహా అంతా దోపిడీకి గురవుతున్నారు. ప్రజలను దోచుకుంటున్నది బడా పెట్టుబడిదారులే అయినప్పటికీ, సామాన్య జనం మాత్రం ఎదురుగా కనబడే వైద్యులనే తప్పుబడుతున్నారు, వారిపై దాడులు పెరుగుతున్నాయి. కరోనా మహమ్మారి సమాజంపై దాడి చేసిన తొలినాళ్ళల్లో ప్రైవేటు వైద్యరంగమంతా ఎక్కడో దాక్కుంది. అత్యవసర పరిస్థితుల్లో బాధ్యత విస్మరించిన ప్రైవేటు రంగాన్ని అదుపులోకి తెచ్చుకునేందుకు కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు ప్రయత్నించలేదు. ప్రైవేటు ఆసుపత్రులని ప్రభుత్వాలు స్వాధీనంలోకి తీసుకొని దేశ పౌరులందరికీ వాటిద్వారా సేవలు అందించి ఉంటే ఇంత అపార ప్రాణ నష్టం జరిగేది కాదు. కనీసం సెకండ్ వేవ్‌ సందర్భంలోనైనా ప్రభుత్వాలు ఈ పని చేయలేదు. 

ప్రైవేటు వైద్యరంగం కొవిడ్ చికిత్స బాధ్యత నుంచి తప్పుకున్న తొలిదశలో ఆ భారమంతా ప్రభుత్వ వైద్యరంగంపైన పడింది. ముక్కుతూ మూలుగుతూ అరకొర సౌకర్యాలతో నడుస్తున్న ఆయా ఆసుపత్రులను నెట్టుకొస్తున్న వైద్యులు, సహాయ సిబ్బంది ఆ భారాన్నంతా భుజానికెత్తుకొని అవిశ్రాంతంగా, అత్యంత భయానక పరిస్థితుల మధ్య ప్రాణాల్ని సైతం పణంగా పెట్టి పనిచేశారు. ఈ మహా క్రతువులో వైద్యులు, నర్సులు వందలాదిగా చనిపోయారు. స్వల్పవిరామం తరువాత విరుచుకుపడిన సెకండ్‌ వేవ్ కొత్త అవసరాల్ని తెరపైకి తెచ్చింది. తగినన్ని బెడ్లను సమకూర్చడంలో గానీ, తగినంత ఆక్సిజన్‌ను అందుబాటులో ఉంచటంలో గానీ, వైరస్‌ కొత్త రూపాలకు తగిన వైద్యాన్ని సూచించటంలో గానీ, కేంద్ర రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు సిద్ధంగా లేకపోవడంతో ప్రభుత్వరంగ వైద్యులు అపార ప్రాణ నష్టాన్ని నిలువరించలేకపోయారు. ప్రపంచ ఆరోగ్య సంస్థ, భారతీయ వైద్య పరిశోధన సంస్థలు కొవిడ్ లక్షణాల ఉపశమనానికి ఉద్దేశించిన కొన్ని ఔషధాలను ఎప్పటికప్పుడు సూచిస్తూండటంతో ఇదే అదనుగా ప్రైవేటు వైద్యరంగం రంగంలోకి దిగింది. ఔషధమే లేని వైద్యాన్ని లాభసాటి వ్యాపారంగా మార్చింది. కొవిడ్ చికిత్సలో అనుభవం ఉన్నా, లేకున్నా చాలా ప్రైవేటు ఆసుపత్రులు రెండవ వేవ్ నాటికి చికిత్స మొదలెట్టాయి. అర్హతగల ఆసుపత్రులను గుర్తించడంలో రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు చొరవచూపకపోవడంతో చిన్నా చితకా ఆసుపత్రులు సైతం కొవిడ్ దుకాణాలు తెరిచాయి. నిజానికి, మొదటి వేవ్‌లో ప్రైవేటు వైద్యులు అత్యధికకాలం చికిత్సకు దూరంగా ఉన్నందున ఈ వ్యాధిపై ప్రభుత్వ వైద్యులకు చిక్కినంత నైపుణ్యం ప్రైవేటు వైద్యుల దగ్గర లేదు. ప్రైవేటు ఆసుపత్రుల్లో అధికం వైద్యవృత్తితో సంబంధం లేని వారి యాజమాన్యంలో నిర్వహించబడేవే. ఫలితంగా రోగులు ఎంత ధనాన్ని కుమ్మరించినా ప్రాణాల్ని దక్కించుకోలేకపోయారు. ఈ ప్రక్రియలో జీతగాళ్లుగా పనిజేసే ప్రైవేటు వైద్యులకూ నష్టం వాటిల్లింది. ప్రజల ఉక్రోషం వైద్యులపై దాడులుగా రూపాంతరం చెందింది. 

ఇప్పటికైనా ప్రభుత్వాలు ప్రజాశ్రేయస్సును దృష్టిలో ఉంచుకోవాలి. వైద్యరంగానికి ఉపకరించే యంత్ర సామగ్రిపై కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం సబ్సిడీలు ఇవ్వాలి. ఔషధ కంపెనీలపై, అవి విధించే రేట్లపైన నియంత్రణ ఉండాలి. ప్రాణ రక్షణ మందులకు సబ్సిడీలు ఇవ్వాలి. ప్రైవేటు ఆస్పత్రులపై ప్రభుత్వ అదుపును, నిఘాను పెంచాలి. వైద్యేతర రంగాలకు చెందిన వ్యక్తులు వైద్యవిద్యాసంస్థలను నిర్వహించేందుకు అనుమతించకూడదు. వైద్యవిద్యను కాలానుగుణంగా ఆధునికీకరించాలి. హోమియో, ఆయుర్వేద, యునాని వంటి ప్రత్యామ్నాయ వైద్య విధానాలను ప్రోత్సహించాలి. ప్రైవేటు ఆసుపత్రుల ఫీజులను, డయాగ్నోస్టిక్ సెంటర్లు వసూలు చేస్తున్న చార్జీలను ప్రభుత్వమే నిర్ణయించి, ఉల్లంఘించిన వారిపై చర్యలు తీసుకోవాలి. ప్రభుత్వరంగ వైద్యాన్ని బలోపేతం చేయాలి. గ్రామీణ పట్టణ వైద్యాలయాలుగా కొనసాగుతున్న ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రాల్లో వైద్యులను, వైద్య సిబ్బందిని విరివిగా నియమించాలి. ఆయా వైద్యకేంద్రాల్లో అవస్థాపన, ఔషధ, యంత్ర సౌకర్యాలు కల్పించాలి. కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు చొరవ తీసుకొని సాధ్యమైనంత త్వరగా వైద్యుల సంఖ్యను పెంచాలి. ప్రతి వెయ్యి మంది పౌరులకు ఒక వైద్యుడిని తయారు చేసేటట్టుగా వైద్యవిద్యాలయాలు పెరగాలి. మన దేశంలో ఇప్పుడు ప్రతి 1500 మంది పౌరులకు ఒక వైద్యుడు ఉన్నారు. దాదాపు నాలుగు లక్షల మంది వైద్యుల కొరత ఉంది. ఇప్పుడున్న వైద్యులు 40శాతం అదనపు భారాన్ని మోస్తున్నారు. నష్ట నివారణ చర్యలు వెంటనే చేపట్టకుంటే ప్రజారోగ్య వ్యవస్థ కుప్పకూలిపోయే ప్రమాదముంది.

మాకా రాజేంద్రన్

న్యాయవాది; సామాజిక హక్కుల కార్యకర్త